Introduction
Experimental Research Design which can be performed with SPSS help also is mainly the practice of manipulation of one or more independent variables to measure their impacts on the dependent variable. It is one of the best practices to conduct cause-effect relationships and it is used when there is consistency in the actual relationship between the variables, there is time priority in a causal relationship and there is a greater magnitude of correlation. The Experimental Research Design is hereby effective for identifying the problems in the research and developing the experiment critically. It is also beneficial for the researchers to perform on the basis of real-life experiments and determine the validity of the results. The major characteristics of the Experimental Research Design will be explored further:
Manipulation of the variables
The Experimental Research Design involves strong manipulation of the variables, which are hypothesised to influence the outcome of interest. The researchers try to identify the independent and dependent variables in the data set for further critical analysis and evaluation. There is at least one dependent variable that is being manipulated for determining its repines on the dependent variables. The type of independent variables varies according to the study. The researchers may choose one independent variable or more than one variable that has a crucial impact on determining the dependent variable in the data set. The independent variables may be considered as explanatory, controller, predictor, input variables or treatments. The researchers are concerned about the mediating process and effectiveness of the treatment as the independent variables vary over time in diverse research.
Control over the extraneous variables
In the Experimental Research Design, the control process is mandatory where random assignment results in concern of controlling the extraneous variables in the data set for analysing the cause and effect relationship. While conducting the study and SPSS data analysis, the scholars or the data analysts try to control the differences between the groups via matching of the group members, statistical control of differences and random assignment differences. The treatment should be administered while controlling the variables. The completion of the experiment leads to the fact that the treatment group and the control group should be assessed to identify the existence of differences between them.
Validity of the research
The Experimental Research Design is effective for conducting the research with in-depth critical analysis and data evaluation, where the researchers are successful to maintain the reliability and validity of the research. Achieving internal and external validity in social science is crucial. The threat to interval validity sometimes occurs when the research participants refuse to take an active part in the study or may withdraw in the middle of the study. If the experiment is valid internally, the researchers can gather authentic feedback from their respondents and conduct in-depth critical research and statistical analysis with an appropriate conclusion successful. The independent variables can cause the observed outcome if the subjects are randomly assigned to the control groups. The external validity is the concern of the social science study. It is hard to generalise the term external validity in the Experimental Research Design for various influential factors that affect social science research.
Randomisation
The researchers choose randomisation practice in order to conduct the Experimental Research Design. After choosing the sampling approach, the researchers are required to random empower the individuals to the different study groups in order to eliminate any biasedness of the individuals' differences in the study. Creating homogeneous treatment groups is possible under this randomisation process without involving potential judgements or bias. Randomisation is beneficial for the researchers to ensure that all the participants have an equal opportunity to take an active part in the study and provide fair feedback and their own perception. The additional benefits of this characteristic of the Experimental Research Design are that it neutralises the factors other than the independent and dependent variables in the data set.
Ethical consideration
The Experimental Research Design includes the ethical principles that further provide scope to the researchers to complete the study critically by maintaining its quality standard. Respect for the individuals is one of the ethics that is maintained in the Experimental Research Design, where the individuals should not be forced to take part in the study. They are convinced and provided a consent form to review the terms and conditions. The study is also being kept confidential and the identity of the research participants solid be protected. The participants also have the scope to withdraw from the research activities at any point in time as per their personal choice and preferences. Justice is another ethical principle that is also maintained in the Experimental Research Design, where the treatment of the research participants must be justified with ethical considerations. Another ethical principle is beneficence where the experiments should not cause any harm to the individuals. The researchers should ensure that they would minimise the risk for the research participants by maximising the benefits of the outcome of the study.
